پاورپوینت مهارت های ارائه مطلب 135 اسلاید

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فرمت فایل: word (قابل ویرایش)

تعداد صفحات: 150

Table of Contents

Acknowledgement                                                                                      X                         

Abstract                                                                                                      XI                        

List of Tables                                                                                              XII   

Chapter 1: Introduction                                         1

1. Overview 1
2. Statement of the Problem and Purpose of the Study 5
3. Significance and Justification of the Study 6
4. Research Questions 7
5. Research Hypotheses 8
6. What Is Known About Listening 8
7. What Is Known About Authentic Materials 10
8. Definition of Important Terms 12
9. Delimitations 13
10. Limitations 14
11. Organization of the Master Thesis 14

Chapter 2: Review of Literature                            15

1. Introduction 15
2. Listening Comprehension 15
3. 2.1 Definition of Listening 15
4. 2.2 Importance of Listening 17    
5. 2.2.1 Listening and Academic Success                     18
6. 2.2.2 Discovery Listening                                          18
7. 2.3 Listening as an Academic Process                                    20
8. 2.3.1     Knowledge Required for Listening                  20

                                      Process

1. Listening Comprehension versus Reading 21

Comprehension

1. Listening Comprehension 23
2. 2.5.1 Authentic and Listening 23

                Comprehension

1. Different Kinds of Comprehension 24
2. Comprehension Preceding Production 25
3. 2.6 Tasks for Listening Comprehension                               25
4. 2.6.1 Performing to Indicate Understanding           27    
5. 2.6.2 Teaching rather than Testing                           28
6. 2.7 Inner Speech and Language Learning                             29
7. 2.7.1 Listening and Speaking                                    29
8. 2.8 Maturation and Language Learning                               30
9. 2.8.1 Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal                        31

                                         Development

1. The Role of Background Knowledge in 32

Learning Language

1. 2.9.1 Schema Theory 32
2. 2.9.2 Background Knowledge/Prior 33

                 Knowledge

1. 2.10   Cultural Background                                                      35
2. 3 Listening and English-as-a-Foreign-Language Learning 36
3. 3.1 The Emergency of Communicative Language             36

                         Teaching

1. Communicative Approach: Some Principles 38

and Features

1. 4 The Use of Aural Authentic Materials 40
2. 4.1 Definitions of Authentic Materials                               40
3. 4.2 Authentic Materials and Language Performance         41
4. 4.3 Nature of Authentic Texts                                             43
5. 4.3.1  Characteristics of Authentic Speech             43
6. 4.3.2 Authentic Speech and Cultural Aspect         44

   Chapter 3: Methodology                                      46

1. Introduction 46
2. Summary of the Study 46
3. 2.1 Participants 48
4. 2.2 Classroom Observation 49    
5. 3 Demographic Data of the Students 50
6. 4 Classroom Environment 52
7. 4.1 Setting                                                                                52
8. 5 Classroom Practices 52
9. 5.1 Listening Materials Implemented in Class                     52
10. 5.2 Class Procedure                                                                53
11. 6 Teacher’s Pedagogy 54
12. 7 Interviews 55
13. 7.1 Interviews with Students                                                 56
14. 7.1.1     First Interview                                                  56
15. 7.1.2     Second Interview                                              56
16. 8 Self-Evaluation Questionnaire 57
17. 9 Language Learning Strategy Questionnaire 58    
18. 10 Data Collection 59
19. 11 Analysis of Data 60
20. 12 Validity and Reliability 63

Chapter 4: Results                                                   64

1. Introduction 64
2. Summary of the Study 64
3. Results of the Study 65
4. 3.1 Results for Fundamental Research Question: 66

             Influences of Aural Authentic Materials

1. 3.1.1 Results from the Interviews with Students    67
2. 3.1.2 Results from the Class Observation               69
3. 3.1.3 Results from the Self-Evaluation                   71

                             Questionnaire

1. 3.2 Summary of Findings Related to the Influences 72

             of Aural Authentic Materials

1. 3.3 Results for Secondary Research Question#1: 73

             Learning Strategy Use

1. 3.3.1 Results from the Interview with                     73

                             students

1. Results from the Class Observation 75
2. Results from the Learning Strategy 76

Questionnaire

1. 3.4 Summary of Findings Related to the Learning              77

                       Strategy Use

1. 3.5 Results for Secondary Research Question#2: 79

             Attitudes towards Language Learning

1. 3.5.1 Results from the Interviews with                      79

                                    Students

1. Summary of Findings Related to the Students’               80

            Attitudes towards Language Learning

1. 4 Overall Findings of the Study 80
2. 4.1 Students with no Progress in Listening Ability                81
3. 4.2 Students with Progress in Listening Ability                     82

Chapter 5: Conclusion                                           84

1. Introduction 84
2. Summary of the study 84
3. Discussion of Results 86
4. 3.1 Authenticity of the Listening Materials 86
5. 3.2 Influences of Aural Authentic Materials on 89

             Listening Comprehension

1. Use of Learning Strategies 92
2. Attitudes towards Language Learning 94
3. 4 Conclusions 96
4. 5 Recommendations 102
5. 5.1 Recommendations for Further Research                        102
6. 5.2 Implications for Teaching                                                103

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